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ACUTE EXPOSURE INFORMATION
- Fluoroacetyl chloride is the acid chloride of sodium fluoroacetate. Fluoro ester compounds can be hydrolyzed directly to fluoroacetate. Little specific data were available specifically regarding the toxicity of fluoroacetyl chloride; its toxicity is expected to be similar to that of FLUOROACETATE.
- The following review discusses the toxicity and treatment of poisoning with FLUOROACETATE.
- No data on the appearance, odor, or uses of fluoroacetyl chloride were found in available references at the time of this review,
- FLUOROACETYL CHLORIDE is irritating or corrosive to the skin and eyes, and could be irritating to the GI tract if ingested. No data are available regarding whether this compound can be absorbed through intact skin; it may be absorbed following ingestion and inhalation.
- Clinical effects are usually seen within 1/2 hour of exposure. Symptoms of nausea, vomiting, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, numbness, a tingling sensation, and apprehension are seen initially, and may last for up to 6 hours. Muscular twitching, blurred vision, and hypotension may develop.
- Severe effects such as coma, convulsions, and cardiac arrhythmias may be delayed in onset as long as 20 hours.
- The cardiac effects noted include tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden onset of asystole.
- Death may occur from respiratory depression and hypoxia during convulsions or cardiac arrest.
- Neurologic sequelae and acute renal failure have been described after acute poisoning.
- Metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, elevated levels of hepatic transaminases, and elevated serum creatinine may occur in fluoroacetate poisoning.
- At least one case of severe poisoning with numbness and tingling of the face, excessive salivation, blurred vision, peripheral paresthesias, convulsions, and coma has occurred from inhalation and dermal contact with fluoroacetate. In general, fluoroacetate is absorbed following ingestion and inhalation, but not through intact skin.
- Fluoroacetate mimics acetic acid and reacts with coenzyme A and oxaloacetic acid, forming fluorocitric acid which enters and blocks the Kreb's cycle, allowing accumulation of citric acid.
- Fluoroacetyl chloride release toxic and irritating fumes of chlorides and fluorides when heated to decomposition. Inhalation exposure to such products of combustion would be predicted to result in respiratory tract irritation with bronchospasm, chemical pneumonitis, or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
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