RightAnswer Knowledge Solutions Search Results for 54-11-5

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• [Effect of nicotine on the maxillofacial development of fetus in pregnant rat--histochemical study on the development of secondary palate]
• 15th collaborative work of Behavioral Teratology Committee: evaluation of the battery test as a behavioral teratology study with nicotine.
• A model to study the effects of chronically infused neuropharmacological agents on developing embryos.

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• A review article on placental transfer of pesticides.
• Absence of a nicotine-induced increase in locomotor activity in fetal alcohol exposed rats.
• Acoustic startle response in the study of developmental toxicity.
• Activation of human placental phospholipase A2 activity by nicotine and cotinine: a possible risk factor of tobacco smoking by pregnant women.
• Activation of human placental phospholipase A2 by nicotine and cotinine: a risk factor for smoking women during pregnancy.
• Adolescent nicotine exposure produces dose-dependent changes in cocaine sensitivity in adult rats.
• Adolescent rats show differential effects of nicotine and alcohol relative to adults.
• Adverse effects of nicotine and cotinine on growth of explanted rat embryos.
• Altered breathing pattern and tachycardia in young lambs exposed to nicotine prenatally.
• An Assessment Of The Effects Of Moderate Doses Of Prenatal Ethanol, Nicotine And Their Combination On The Developmental And Behavior Teratogenicity.
• An ovine model for delivery of alcohol and nicotine during gestation.
• Animal models of developmental nicotine exposure: possible mechanisms of childhood obesity.
• Are the teratogenic effects of prenatal nicotine and ethanol co-exposure similar to those of each drug alone?
• Behavioral and immunological consequences of brief embryonic exposure to nicotine or alcohol in domestic fowl chicks.
• Caffeine and nicotine: effects on human placental vascular tone in vitro.
• Changes in locus coeruleus neurons after birth and postnatal hypoxia -- effects of nicotine.
• Chronic alcohol or nicotine effects in adolescent rat models.
• Chronic nicotine in utero and in vitro abrogates O2-sensitivity in perinatal rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells.
• Cigarette smoking and reproduction: effects on fecundity and early pregnancy outcomes.
• Collaborative work of the 16th Behavioral Teratology Meeting: evaluation of the battery test as a behavioral teratology examination with nicotine.
• Combined effects of alcohol and nicotine on pregnancy outcome: development of a mouse model.
• Combined prenatal cocaine and nictoine exposure produces depression and anxiety in elderly rats.
• Comparison of the behavioral teratogenicity of prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure.
• Competitive inhibition of fetal rat brain aromatase activity by nicotine and cotinine in vitro.
• Cranial ultrasonography in term infants exposed in utero to cocaine.
• Craniofacial landmarks in human neonates exposed to alcohol and other teratogens.
• Critical Periods Of Susceptibility During Neurodevelopmental Processes In Infants And Children.
• Cryptic brain cell injury caused by fetal nicotine exposure is associated with persistent elevations of c-fos protooncogene expression.
• Decreased vasopressin release in rats prenatally exposed to chronic nicotine.
• Detection of nicotine and cotinine in maternal and cord blood and induction of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase in placenta.
• Development of neural chemoafferent pathway and respiration is altered following prenatal nicotine exposure in rats.
• Developmental effects of maternal exposure to nicotine and chlorpyrifos, alone and in combination in rats.
• Developmental effects of nicotine.
• Developmental Effects Of Prenatal Alcohol And Nicotine Exposure.
• Developmental nicotine exposure and cerebellar Purkinje cell loss: a study of temporal vulnerability.
• Developmental nicotine exposure did not produce long-term effect on Purkinje cell number in the cerebellar vermis.
• Developmental nicotine exposure in a rat model system: maternal and offspring parameters.
• Developmental toxicity of nicotine.
• Developmental toxicity studies in mice, rats and rabbits administered nicotine via subcutaneous osmotic pumps.
• Differential effects of cholinergic drugs in fetal alcohol exposed rats in a delayed memory task.
• Differential effects of nicotine withdrawal on the somatostatinergic system in mothers and developing rats.
• Differential ethanol consumption in Roman high- and low-avoidance (RHA and RLA) rats, body weight, food intake, and the influence of pre- and post-natal exposure to nicotine and/or injection stress.
• Direct and adrenal-mediated effects of nicotine on sex steroid synthesis in fetal and neonatal rats.
• Does cigarette smoke affect myometrial activity during estrus and early pregnancy in vivo?
• Does fetal nicotine exposure cause sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? An animal model.
• Does nicotine affect levels of thromboxane and prostacyclin in the dually perfused human placental cotyledon model?
• Drug exposure in the womb: PET & MRI imaging of drug transfer in pregnant non-human primates.
• Drug induced infertility.
• Drug therapy in pregnancy and lactation.
• Early exposure to pesticides during critical periods of development.
• Effect of chronic maternal nicotine on offspring response to autonomic drugs.
• Effect of chronic nicotine treatment on alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction and eNOS protein levels in pregnant uterine artery.
• Effect of estrogen and nicotine on perinatal mouse brain development.
• Effect of fetal alcohol and nicotine exposure on growth and development: role of insulin-like growth factor-1.
• Effect of fetal alcohol and nicotine exposure on nicotinic receptor expression.
• Effect Of Fetal And Neonatal Exposure To Nicotine On Postnatal Glucose Homeostasis: Identifying Critical Windows Of Exposure.
• Effect of maternal alcohol and nicotine intake, individually and in combination, on fetal growth in the rat.
• Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on the first trimester human placenta: morphological alterations in situ and effect of nicotine in vitro.
• Effect of nicotine on contractility of the uterine artery from pregnant sheep.
• Effect of nicotine on the dento-facial development of rat fetuses.
• Effect of nicotine on the maxillofacial development of fetus in pregnant rats.
• Effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on coronary flow in adult offspring: a gender dichotomy.
• Effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on heart development.
• Effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on heart susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult male and female offspring.
• Effect of smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy on the newborn.
• Effect of Smoking Cessation Interventions during Pregnancy on the Newborn.
• Effects of age and prenatal cocaine (COC) and/or nicotine (NIC) exposure on cocaine-induced conditioned place preference.
• Effects of chronic nicotine treatment on brain muscarinic receptor subtypes and their mRNA in rat neonates.
• Effects of chronic prenatal nicotine exposure on gene expression in neurotransmitter systems of the rat carotid body chemoafferent pathway.
• Effects of cytokines and nicotine in sudden infant death syndrome.
• Effects of fetal nicotine exposure on development of adrenergic receptor binding in rat brain regions: selective changes in alpha1-receptors.
• Effects of fetal nicotine exposure on development of adrenergic receptor binding in rat brain regions: selective changes in alpha1-receptors.
• Effects of moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on teacher-rated classroom behavior and academic performance in children aged 11 years.
• Effects Of Nicotine On Human Luteal Function: A Possible Role On The Reproductive Outcome Of Smoking Women.
• Effects of nicotine on retinal development.
• EFFECTS OF PRECONCEPTION NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON ESTROUS CYCLE AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT IN RATS.
• Effects of prenatal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and hypoxia inducible genes.
• Effects Of Prenatal Exposure To Combined Alcohol And Nicotine On Adolescent And Early Adult Rodent Alcohol Preference.
• Effects of prenatal sidestream-smoke exposure on working memory.
• Effects Of Race And Having An Excessive Drinking Partner On Nicotine And Alcohol Use During Pregnancy.
• Effects of smokeless tobacco and alcohol on craniofacial measurements.
• Effects of smokeless tobacco on learning ability of rat pups.
• Embryonic and postnatal expression of high affinity nicotine binding sites and nicotinic receptor subunit RNAs in mice.
• Embryonic and postnatal expression of high affinity nicotine binding sites and nicotinic receptor subunit RNAs in mice.
• Enhanced Acquisition Of Alcohol Consumption In Adult Rat Offspring With Gestational Exposure To Nicotine + Alcohol.
• Evaluation of the frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) as a model system for mixture toxicity hazard assessment.
• Evaluation of the interactive effects of prenatal cocaine and nicotine exposure: dose-finding study.
• Evaluation of the interactive effects of prenatal cocaine and nicotine exposure: offspring behavioral effects.
• Evaluation On The Effects Of Sidestream Whole Smoke Solutions On Embryonic Movements Of Developingchicken Embryos.
• Fertility loss in the sperm of tobacco smokers may be reversed after washing with a cannabinoid agonist.
• Fetal And Neonatal Exposure To Nicotine Adversely Affects Testicular And Epididymal Functions In Rats.
• Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure alters vascular contractility in adult offspring.
• Fetal effects of pre- and post-conceptional smokeless tobacco treatment.
• Fetal exposure to nicotine in passive and active maternal smoking as detected by meconium analysis.
• Fetal exposure to nicotine in passive maternal smoking as detected by meconium analysis.
• Fetal exposure to pollutants in Townsville, Australia, detected in meconium.
• Fetal growth retardation due to exposure of pregnant rats to carbon monoxide.
• Fetal nicotine exposure alters ontogeny of M1-receptors and their link to G-proteins.
• Fetal nicotine exposure compromises neural development at doses which do not impair growth.
• Fetal Nicotine Exposure Impacts Weight Gain Later In Life.
• Fetal nicotinic receptors as a target for developmental neurotoxicity.
• Fetal Origins Of Disease: In Utero Nicotine Exposure Alters Fetal Chromatin Structure.
• First- and second-generation effects of pre- and postnatal injections of physiological saline (stressor alone), or "smoking doses" of nicotine, on the maternal behavior of roman high- and low-avoidance (RHA/Verh and RLA/Verh) rats.
• Formation of cotinine during human placental transfer of nicotine, its retention in fetal circulation and toxicological implications.
• Gestational smoking and the placental content of essential metals.
• Hair analysis - a biological marker for fetal exposure to gestational smoking.
• Hepatotoxic effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to nicotine.
• How does fetal cocaine exposure alter the development of neuronal and neuroendocrine function? Is cocaine worse than nicotine?
• If nicotine is a developmental neurotoxicant in animal studies, dare we recommend nicotine replacement therapy in pregnant women and adolescents?
• In utero and lactational exposure to 1R4F cigarette smoke: effects on neonatal development, growth and neurobehavior in the offspring rats.
• In Utero and Lactational Exposure to Nicotine: Ovarian Effects.
• In utero cocaine exposure: impact upon birth growth parameters and SGA incidence.
• In utero cocaine exposure: performance of term infants on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 4, 8 and 12 months.
• In utero cocaine exposure: performance of term infants on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) at birth and one month.
• In utero exposure to nicotine increases neurotransmitter release from monoaminergic neurons in reaggregate tissue culture.
• In utero nicotine exposure induces bronchial hyperresponsiveness in young lambs.
• In vitro development of the rat embryo following exposure to nicotine.
• In vitro developmental toxicity screening of a complex mixture with the Hydra Assay: smokeless tobacco.
• Influence of prenatal nicotine exposure on development of chemoreceptor reflexes.
• Influence of prenatal nicotine exposure on development of ventilatory responses to hypoxia and asphyxia.
• Influence of prenatal nicotine exposure on glycinergic inhibition of respiratory frequency in the neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparation.
• Influence of prenatal nicotine exposure on postnatal development of breathing pattern.
• Inhibition of amino acid transport by cocaine and nicotine in the human placenta perfused in vitro.
• Inhibition of DNA synthesis in neonatal rat brain regions caused by acute nicotine administration.
• Interactive effects of chronic maternal alcohol intake and cigarette smoking on growth and development of offspring.
• Interactive effects of prenatal cocaine and nicotine exposure on postnatal development and behavior in the offspring.
• Intrauterine death by maternal nicotine abuse.
• Joint actions of developmental toxicants.
• Long-term effects of post-implantation nicotine exposure on open field activity.
• Long-term neurotoxic effects on in utero nicotine exposure as detected by 1H MRS.
• Long-term nicotine patch use in pregnancy: safety and effectiveness.
• Loss of tissue glucose and glucose transporter protein in drug-induced fetal brain hypoplasia.
• Low-level nicotine exposure during periadolescence alters conditioned-place-aversion to haloperidol in adult C57 mice.
• Low-level nicotine exposure during periadolescence alters the locomotor effects of haloperidol in adult C57 mice.
• Maternal and fetal cardiovascular effects of a nicotine-patch versus maternal smoking.
• Maternal marijuana use during lactation and infant development at one year.
• Mechanisms underlying developmental neurotoxicity.
• Neonatal Alcohol and/or Nicotine Exposure and Developing Mitral Cells: Issues of Temporal Exposure Pattern and Stereological Counting Method.
• Neonatal Alcohol, But Not Nicotine, Altered 18S Ribosomal RNA Level in Isolated Cerebellar Purkinje and Granule Cells: A Preliminary Study.
• Neonatal heart rate variability in relation to smoking during pregnancy.
• Neonatal Nicotine Treatment and Developing Cerebellar Purkinje Cells: Does the Cell Vulnerability Change Following Prenatal Nicotine Exposure?
• Neonatal Nicotine Treatment Does Not Affect the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Protein Content in the Developing Olfactory Bulb And Cerebellum.
• Neurotoxic effects of prenatal nicotine.
• Nicotine affects neurotransmitter receptor development: role in SIDS?
• Nicotine affects zebrafish motoneuron development.
• Nicotine and endotoxin prolong apnea and increase hypoxic brain damage.
• Nicotine Exposure During the Brain Growth Spurt Does Not Alter BDNF and GDNF Levels in the Neonatal Rat Brain.
• Nicotine Exposure Following Blastocyst Implantation Altered BDNF and NGF Concentrations in Fetal Rat Brains.
• Nicotine metabolites in pericardial fluid in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
• Nicotine modulates cAMP levels in vitro in carotid bodies of newborn rats.
• Nicotine patch therapy in pregnancy: fetal effects.
• Nicotine regulates cerebellar granule cell neurogenesis.
• Nicotine reverses spatial learning deficits in perinatally lead-exposed rats.
• Nicotine suppresses pro-inflammatory responses by human placental cells.
• Nutritional factors underlying the expression of the fetal alcohol syndrome.
• ODC and fetal growth suppression.
• Periadolescent nicotine exposure alters dopamine function in adult C57 mice.
• Periadolescent nicotine priming produces alterations in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens of adult rats.
• Perinatal Alcohol Exposure Alters Nicotine Reward In Adolescence.
• Perinatal cigarette smoke exposure and development of systemic hypertension during adulthood.
• Perinatal exposure to Aroclor 1254 alters motor activity in adult Long-Evans rats challenged with nicotine.
• Perinatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) induces regio-selective cytochrome P450 and oxidative stress in the lungs of neonatal monkeys.
• Perinatal Nicotine Affects Brainstem Substance P Levels In Newborn Rat.
• Perinatal nicotine exposure affects nicotine-stimulated rubidium efflux.
• Perinatal nicotine exposure disrupts short-term memory in a spontaneous object recognition task.
• Perinatal nicotine in rats and performance in the Cincinnati water maze test of learning including mecamylamine challenges.
• Persistent behavioral and biochemical alterations following in utero nicotine exposure.
• Pharmacokinetics and effects of nicotine (Nic) on sleep states, breathing movements and gas exchange in fetal sheep.
• Phencyclidine intoxication from vaginal mucosal absorption in a pregnant body stuffer.
• Physiological and immunocytochemical changes in infant rats following maternal gestational cigarette smoking: implications for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
• Post Weaning Ethanol Aversion In Dams Treated During Gestation With Ethanol And Nicotine.
• Post-implantation exposure to high dose nicotine leads to somatic and brain growth restrictions.
• Postnatal development in the rat following in utero exposure to alcohol and nicotine.
• Postnatal effects of smokeless tobacco in cross-fostered rat pups.
• Preliminary study of the test battery using nicotine.
• Prenatal alcohol vs tobacco as correlates of school performance at 11 years.
• Prenatal and postnatal exposure of nicotine: locomotor effects in rat offspring.
• Prenatal cigarette exposure and central auditory processing abilities in 6-11 year-old children.
• Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure leads to aberrant vascular smooth muscle responses during adult life.
• Prenatal cocaine and nicotine exposure in rats: effects on long term cognitive outcome and sexual differentiation.
• Prenatal cocaine and/or nicotine alters life span in laboratory rats in a sex-dependent manner.
• Prenatal cocaine and/or nicotine exposure and conditioned place preference in elderly rats.
• Prenatal cocaine and/or nicotine exposure disrupts non-spatial, short-term memory only in female offspring.
• Prenatal cocaine and/or nicotine exposure fails to disrupt non-spatial, short-term memory in senescent offspring.
• Prenatal exposure to nicotine causes long-term alterations of peripheral sympathetic nervous system function.
• Prenatal nicotine and cocaine exposure and learning and memory in rats.
• Prenatal nicotine evokes inspiratory induced glutamatergic excitation of cardioinhibitory preganglionic neurons.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure adversely affects large but not small airway function in young lambs.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure affects postnatal development of breathing control in rats.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure alters hypoxia-induced changes in GABAergic modulation of cardioinhibitory preganglionic neurons.
• Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Alters the Response to Methacholine Only in the Proximal Airways of Young Lambs.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure and functional recovery from medial frontal cortical lesions: insult, injury and the neuroplastic response.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure and newborn heart rate: is there a basis for SIDS?
• Prenatal nicotine exposure differentially regulates coronary nitric oxide release in male and female adult offspring.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure does not alter the central ventilatory response to serotonin receptor agonists.
• Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Does Not Deplete Mitral Cells in the Fetal Rat Brain.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure evokes both an exaggeration and change in the types of nicotinic receptors responsible for facilitating glutamatergic neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons in the nucleus ambiguus.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure evokes long term overexpression of c-fos protooncogene in the CNS.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure evokes long-term alterations of cell structure in hippocampus and somatosensory cortex.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure impairs postnatal sensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure impairs the cardiorespiratory response to acute hypoxemia in sleeping lambs.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure induces genes associated with apoptosis in the developing brain.
• Prenatal nicotine exposure: biochemical and neuroendocrine bases of behavioral dysfunction.
• Prenatal nicotine in mouse and fetal tobacco syndrome.
• Prenatal nicotine induced attenuation of noradrenergic response: a possible mechanism for enhanced response to frontal cortical damage.
• Prenatal or adolescent nicotine administration: effects on CNS 5HT systems.
• Protective effects of nicotine on ethanol-induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells.
• Protooncogene expression in fetal rats following exposure to nicotine.
• Reactivity of adult rat offspring following perinatal nicotine exposure.
• Reproductive viability is affected by prenatal nicotine exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats.
• Respiratory plasticity after perinatal hyperoxia is not prevented by antioxidant supplementation.
• Responses of the developing electrocorticogram (ECoG) to nicotine (N) infusions in the unanesthesized fetal lamb.
• Reversal of neurobehavioral teratogenicity by nicotine therapy: A mouse model.
• Review of 18 years of activities of the Behavioral Teratology Meeting of the Japanese Teratology Society.
• Screening for teratogen exposures among unselected human neonates.
• Segmental hair analysis of nicotine to assess changes in smoking habit during pregnancy and foetal exposure to tobacco smoke.
• Sensitivity of mouse oocytes to delays in meiotic maturation and aneuploidy following nicotine exposure in vivo and in vitro.
• Sex differences in body weight effects of prenatal nicotine in rats.
• Similarities in methylphenidate sensitivity and reward were observed in adolescent mice and adult mice exposed to nicotine during adolescence.
• Smokeless tobacco affects activity levels of Sprague Dawley rat pups.
• Smokeless tobacco effects on fetal rat bone ossification.
• Splenocyte proliferation and beta-adrenoceptor binding after single or combined gestational exposure with ethanol and nicotine.
• Structural Changes In Selected Morphometric Parameters And Levels Of Nicotine And Cotinine In Placentae Of Smoking Mothers.
• Studies on deleterious effects of alcohol, nicotine and their combination on pregnancy, in rats.
• Study of Teratogenic Effects of Nicotine in Zebrafish.
• Subcutaneous developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits with nicotine and mecamylamine in combination.
• Substance abuse during pregnancy in a Hispanic population: prevalence and effects on progeny.
• Teratogenic risk analysis: single versus composite teratogen effects on human neonates.
• The effect of maternal nicotine exposure on the neonatal rat lung.
• The effect of maternal smoking on fetal movements and blood flow through the fetal and maternal arteries.
• The Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine, Dexamethasone and Maternal Caloric Restriction on Postnatal Gliogenic Activity in the Rat Brain.
• The effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms development in caudal brainstem of developing rats.
• The effect of tobacco smoking on nicotine and cotinine levels in lung tissue of SIDS and non-SIDS cases.
• The effect of tobacco smoking on nicotine and cotinine levels in lung tissue of SIDS and non-SIDS cases.
• The effects of chronic in-utero exposure to nicotine on behavior of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).
• The effects of developmental nicotine exposure on neurotransmitter profiles in the fetal rat brain.
• The effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on developmental changes in brain biogenic amine contents.
• The effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on the development of the central monoaminergic system and behavioral response in rat offspring.
• The effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on the development of the central monoaminergic system and behavioral response in rat offspring.
• The Fetal Programming Hypothesis: Possible Role In Childhood Obesity.
• The potential to detect changes in utero-placental blood flow with positron emission tomography (PET) in pregnant rabbits.
• The reinforcing efficacy of cocaine is decreased by low-level nicotine exposure during development.
• The teratogenic effects of nicotine in the developing central nervous system in rats; an in vitro study.

ECOTOX Documents

• 3-[(2S)-1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]pyridine

ERG2016 Guidebook

• GUIDE 151 (Spanish) - SUSTANCIAS - TÓXICAS (no combustibles)
• GUIDE 151 - SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)

Fisher MSDS

• 4-Isopropylphenyl isothiocyanate
• L-Nicotine
• L-Nicotine

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• L-Nicotine (in French)
• L-Nicotine (in French)
• tert-Butyl N-(3-thienyl)carbamate

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Shepard's Catalog

• Nicotine

MSDSonline®

(158) English MSDSs - (click to search other languages)

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Example Content from MEDITEXT for 54-11-5:

ACUTE EXPOSURE INFORMATION

1. SOURCES: Found primarily in tobacco-containing products such as cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, and chewing tobacco and also in nicotine replacement products such as gum, nasal sprays, patches, and electronic cigarettes. Also, found in the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum) and some other plant species; occupational exposures may result from the harvesting or processing of tobacco plants (SEE Plants-Nicotinic Management). Nicotine may also be found in some insecticides (used in the developing world).

2. PHARMACOLOGY: Binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are found throughout the body, most notably in the autonomic nervous system (preganglionic sympathetic synapses and pre- and postganglionic parasympathetic synapses).

3. TOXICOLOGY: Toxic effects are dose-related and result from overstimulation of nicotinic receptors, often causing inhibition of receptor action following initial stimulatory effects.

4. EPIDEMIOLOGY: Very common exposure that can rarely result in significant morbidity and death, especially in children. May be an occupational exposure, commonly known as green tobacco sickness, from working with tobacco plants .

5. WITH THERAPEUTIC USE
   1. ADVERSE EFFECTS: NICOTINE REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS: Symptoms may include local irritation from the gum, spray, or transdermal patch or systemic signs (eg, nausea and vomiting, sleep disturbances, headache, and chest pain) of nicotine toxicity. Absorption may occur after ingestion, inhalation, dermal, or rectal exposure.

6. WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE
   1. MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: GI upset, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, tremor, diaphoresis, tachycardia, pallor, and hypertension are common events.
   2. SEVERE TOXICITY: Seizures, confusion, weakness, bradycardia, hypotension, and respiratory muscle paralysis can develop.