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Example Content from MEDITEXT for Carbon tetrachloride:
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ACUTE EXPOSURE INFORMATION
- USES: Once used as a dry cleaning solvent, degreaser, fire extinguishing agent, spot remover, and an antihelminthic. Now used mainly as an intermediate in chemical manufacturing.
- TOXICOLOGY: The exact mechanism of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity is unclear, but is accepted to be dependent on its metabolism. Forms a toxic free-radical intermediate (tricholomethyl radical) of cytochrome P-450 metabolism, which binds to protein, lipid, and nucleic acid, and forms DNA-adducts. It is a CNS depressant through mechanisms that are not entirely clear, and it increases sensitivity of the myocardium to catecholamines, and can therefore have arrhythmogenic effects.
- EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposures and poisoning are rare, but deaths have been reported and are not uncommon following significant exposures.
- WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE
- MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness and confusion, mucous membrane irritation, and defatting dermatitis.
- SEVERE TOXICITY: Cardiac dysrhythmias, respiratory arrest, severe renal and hepatic damage, and coma.
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