RightAnswer Knowledge Solutions Search Results for Trichloronate

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ACUTE EXPOSURE INFORMATION

1. The following are symptoms from organophosphates in general, which are due to the anticholinesterase activity of this class of compounds. All of these effects may not be documented for trichloronate, but could potentially occur in individual cases.

2. USES: Trichloronate is an organophosphate used as a non-systemic insecticide. Trichloronate is not marketed in Canada or the United States.

3. TOXICOLOGY: Organophosphates competitively inhibit pseudocholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase, preventing hydrolysis and inactivation of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine accumulates at nerve junctions, causing malfunction of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and peripheral nervous systems and some of the CNS. Clinical signs of cholinergic excess develop.

4. EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure to organophosphates is common, but serious toxicity is unusual in the US. This particular organophosphate is considered obsolete by the WHO; exposure is rare.

5. WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE
   1. MILD TO MODERATE POISONING: MUSCARINIC EFFECTS: Can include bradycardia, salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis, vomiting, diarrhea, urination, and miosis. NICOTINIC EFFECTS: Tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, and muscle cramps.
   2. SEVERE POISONING: MUSCARINIC EFFECTS: Bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, and acute lung injury. NICOTINIC EFFECTS: Muscle fasciculations, weakness, and respiratory failure. CENTRAL EFFECTS: CNS depression, agitation, confusion, delirium, coma, and seizures. Hypotension, ventricular dysrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, pancreatitis, and hyperglycemia can also develop.
   3. DELAYED EFFECTS: Intermediate syndrome is characterized by paralysis of respiratory, cranial motor, neck flexor, and proximal limb muscles 1 to 4 days after apparent recovery from cholinergic toxicity, and prior to the development of delayed peripheral neuropathy. Manifestations can include the inability to lift the neck or sit up, ophthalmoparesis, slow eye movements, facial weakness, difficulty swallowing, limb weakness (primarily proximal), areflexia, and respiratory paralysis. Recovery begins 5 to 15 days after onset. Distal sensory-motor polyneuropathy has been reported in several patients following exposure to trichloronate. It may rarely develop 6 to 21 days following exposure. Characterized by burning or tingling followed by weakness beginning in the legs which then spreads proximally. In severe cases, it may result in spasticity or flaccidity. Recovery requires months and may not be complete.
   4. CHILDREN: May have different predominant signs and symptoms than adults (more likely CNS depression, stupor, coma, flaccidity, dyspnea, and seizures). Children may also have fewer muscarinic and nicotinic signs of intoxication (ie, secretions, bradycardia, fasciculations and miosis) as compared to adults.
   5. INHALATION EXPOSURE: Organophosphate vapors rapidly produce mucous membrane and upper airway irritation and bronchospasm, followed by systemic muscarinic, nicotinic and central effects if exposed to significant concentrations.

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